Covid-19 news: Millions more people told to shield by UK government

HamaraTimes.com | Covid-19 news: Millions more people told to shield by UK government

A woman wearing a face mask stands on a balcony in a retirement home

A woman in a retirement home looks out at the view from her balcony

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Latest coronavirus news as of 5pm on 16 February

Nearly two million more people will be added to EnglandтАЩs shielding list

About 1.7 million people in England will be told to shield and take extra precautions from covid-19 after they were found to be at serious risk of disease or death. They will also be prioritised for covid-19 vaccination. The addition will bring the total number on the UK governmentтАЩs shielding list to almost 4 million, all of whom are being advised to shield until 31 March.┬а

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The people being added to the list have been identified using an algorithm to predict whether a person is at risk of severe disease or death from covid-19. The algorithm incorporates information on age, ethnicity, body mass index, other health conditions and postcode (which is indicative of the level of deprivation). тАЬAs we learn more about covid-19, weтАЩre continuously reviewing the evidence,тАЭ Jenny Harries, one of EnglandтАЩs deputy chief medical officers, told a briefing on 16 February. тАЬIt was very clear that not all of those individuals who were at risk were identified by the binary approach,тАЭ she said. Harries said it will be up to the individuals to decide whether to follow the shielding advice or not.

Other coronavirus news

An estimated one in five people in England had antibodies against the coronavirus in the 28 days up to 1 February, suggesting they had previously been infected or had received a covid-19 vaccine, according to the Office for National Statistics. In Wales and Northern Ireland the equivalent estimate was one in 7 and for Scotland it was one in 9 people. People were tested for antibodies as part of the COVID-19 Infection Survey in the UK. In England, people aged 80 and over were most likely to test positive for antibodies with 40.9 per cent testing positive, which is probably due to the high vaccination rate in this group. тАЬIt could be tempting to assume that quantifying antibody levels like this tells us the level and distribution of immunity to covid-19 in the population, but we do not know what components of the immune system are required for immunity or how long protection will last,тАЭ said Simon Clarke at the University of Reading in a statement.

Early data from vaccinations in Israel indicate that the Pfizer/BioNTech covid-19 vaccine prevents 94 per cent of symptomatic coronavirus infections. The study looked at 600,000 fully vaccinated people and the same number of unvaccinated people. This is a very similar level of effectiveness to that recorded in clinical trials of the vaccine. IsraelтАЩs health fund, Clalit, used coronavirus test results extracted from peopleтАЩs health records to compare numbers of infections between those who had received two doses of the vaccine and those who hadnтАЩt received any doses. There were 94 per cent fewer infections among those who had been vaccinated. Nearly half of IsraelтАЩs resident adult population have received at least one dose of covid-19 vaccine so far.

Coronavirus deaths

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Matthew Rowett

The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.41 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 109 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

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What to read, watch and listen to about coronavirus

The New York Times is tracking hospital bed occupancy in England in an interactive graphic.

Panorama: The Race for a Vaccine is a BBC documentary about the inside story of the development of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine against covid-19.

Race Against the Virus: Hunt for a Vaccine is a Channel 4 documentary which tells the story of the coronavirus pandemic through the eyes of the scientists on the frontline.

The New York Times is assessing the progress of different vaccine candidates and potential drug treatments for covid-19, and ranking them for effectiveness and safety.

Humans of COVID-19 is a project highlighting the experiences of key workers on the frontline in the fight against coronavirus in the UK, through social media.

Belly Mujinga: Searching for the Truth is a BBC Panorama investigation of the death of transport worker Belly Mujinga from covid-19, following reports she had been coughed and spat on by a customer at LondonтАЩs Victoria Station.

Coronavirus, Explained on Netflix is a short documentary series examining the on-going coronavirus pandemic, the efforts to fight it and ways to manage its mental health toll.

New Scientist Weekly features updates and analysis on the latest developments in the covid-19 pandemic. Our podcast sees expert journalists from the magazine discuss the biggest science stories to hit the headlines each week тАУ from technology and space, to health and the environment.

COVID-19: The Pandemic that Never Should Have Happened, and How to Stop the Next One by Debora Mackenzie is about how the pandemic happened and why it will happen again if we donтАЩt do things differently in future.

The Rules of Contagion is about the new science of contagion and the surprising ways it shapes our lives and behaviour. The author, Adam Kucharski, is an epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK, and in the book he examines how diseases spread and why they stop.

Previous updates

A laboratory technician handles vials in a laboratory

Genome sequencing of the coronavirus and its variants at the Centre National de Reference in France

CHRISTOPHE ARCHAMBAULT/AFP via Getty Images

15 February

Coronavirus variants carrying similar mutations detected in the US┬а

Seven coronavirus variants carrying similar mutations have been detected in the US. All the variants, reported in a preliminary study, have gained a mutation at the same location in their genome and appear to belong to the same lineage as a virus first sequenced on 1 December, which subsequently became more common. тАЬThereтАЩs clearly something going on with this mutation,тАЭ Jeremy Kamil at Louisiana State University and co-author of the study, told the New York Times. It isnтАЩt clear if the mutation makes the variants more transmissible, like the B.1.1.7 coronavirus variant first sequenced in the UK, but its location in a gene that influences how the virus enters human cells is concerning. тАЬI think thereтАЩs a clear signature of an evolutionary benefit,тАЭ said Kamil. The preliminary study was released on a pre-print server and has not been peer-reviewed.

Other coronavirus news

UK health minister Matt Hancock revealed that a third of social care workers in England havenтАЩt had a covid-19 vaccine yet, despite being among the first priority groups. тАЬWeтАЩll keep offering and keep contacting people who work in social care,тАЭ Hancock told the BBCтАЩs Breakfast show. тАЬObviously the uptake there is very important,тАЭ he said. Separately, a preliminary study found lower covid-19 vaccine uptake among Black, Asian and minority ethnic staff at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust in England. тАЬThese findings give significant cause for concern, as ethnic minority groups (especially those working in healthcare) are at higher risk of infection with [the coronavirus] and adverse outcome from covid-19,тАЭ said the report, which has not been peer-reviewed. More than 15 million people have received a dose of covid-19 vaccine in the UK so far, in keeping with the governmentтАЩs target of offering a first dose of vaccine to four priority groups by mid-February.

тАЬWeтАЩll do everything we canтАЭ to reopen schools in England by 8 March, UK prime minister Boris Johnson has said, adding: тАЬBut weтАЩve got to keep looking at the data, weтАЩve got to keep looking at the rates of infection, donтАЩt forget theyтАЩre still very high.тАЭ The UK government is expected to set out plans for ending restrictions at a briefing on 22 February. Johnson said the governmentтАЩs plans will be тАЬcautious but irreversibleтАЭ.

The first travellers required to stay at quarantine hotels in England arrived at LondonтАЩs Heathrow airport on 15 February. People arriving in the UK from 33 тАЬred listтАЭ countries are now required to go into mandatory hotel quarantine for 10 days on arrival, at their own expense.

Coronavirus deaths

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The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.4 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 108 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

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New Scientist Default Image

A woman receives the Oxford/AstraZeneca covid19 vaccine at an NHS vaccination center in Ealing, west London

NEIL HALL/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock

12 February

Vaccinations of people under 70 begin in England next week

Vaccinators in England can now start giving covid-19 vaccines to people aged between 65 and 69, as long as they have already offered jabs to older and clinically vulnerable people in the top priority groups. тАЬWe have been told by NHS England that, in exceptional circumstances, where we have reached other groups, we can move on to cohort five [people aged 65 to 69],тАЭ an anonymous doctor told the Guardian. Across the UK, 14 million people had received a first dose of covid-19 vaccine as of 12 February тАУ equivalent to about 20 per cent of the total population.

Infections fall across the UK

Coronavirus infections appear to be falling across the UK. The Office for National Statistics estimates that about one in 80 people in England had covid-19 in the week up to 6 February, down from one in 65 people the previous week. In Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland the equivalent figures for the most recent week are approximately one in 85, one in 75 and one in 150 people respectively, all down from the previous weekтАЩs figures. The latest official estimate of the R number тАУ the average number of people each person with coronavirus infects тАУ puts it between 0.7 and 0.9┬а for the UK as a whole, indicating the countryтАЩs epidemic is shrinking.┬а

Neil Ferguson at Imperial College London, who advises the UK government as part of the New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group, said lockdowns have helped drive down cases. тАЬTheyтАЩre basically halving about every 17 days at the moment,тАЭ he told PoliticoтАЩs Westminster Insider podcast. Ferguson said it might be possible to reopen at least primary schools in a monthтАЩs time. тАЬAnd if we continue to see then a continued decline without large outbreaks, then perhaps starting to relax other aspects of society the following month,тАЭ he added. UK prime minister Boris Johnson has said discussions on reopening schools will happen in the week starting 22 February, with schools potentially able to reopen from 8 March.

Other coronavirus news

Germany is imposing strict new border controls due to concern over coronavirus variants, with a ban on travel into the country from the Czech Republic and Austria where the B.1351 and B.1.1.7 variants of the virus were found to be prevalent. Returning residents and certain essential workers will be exempt.┬а

French health authority Haute Autorite de Sante recommended that people who have already had covid-19 and recovered should only be offered a single shot of covid-19 vaccine. тАЬThe single dose of vaccine will act as a reminder,тАЭ it said in a statement.

Coronavirus deaths

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The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.37 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 107 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

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Game-changing treatments: Faced with an unknown disease, doctors had to update best practices faster than ever before. HereтАЩs what we now know about gold standard coronavirus treatments.

Photo of a person's hand holding a box of medication labelled tocilizumab

A pharmacist in France displays a box of tocilizumab, which is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

PASCAL ROSSIGNOL/REUTERS/Alamy Stock Photo

11 February

RocheтАЩs arthritis drug tocilizumab found to cut risk of death among patients with severe covid-19

The arthritis drug tocilizumab reduces the risk of death among severely ill covid-19 patients, according to findings from the RECOVERY trial, which has been testing a range of potential treatments for the disease since March last year. The study found that 29 per cent of covid-19 patients who received tocilizumab died within 28 days, compared to 33 per cent of those who did not receive the drug. Treatment with tocilizumab тАУ sold under the brand name Actemra by Swiss company Roche тАУ also shortened the time to recovery and reduced the requirement for mechanical ventilation. The trial included 2022 covid-19 patients randomly allocated to receive tocilizumab in addition to their standard care and 2094 patients allocated to standard care only, which for 82 per cent of all patients in the study included treatment with a steroid, such as dexamethasone. Last year, dexamethasone became the first drug found to reduce death rates in covid-19 patients. The most recent results indicate that tocilizumab provides additional benefits when used with steroids, like dexamethasone. тАЬUsed in combination, the impact is substantial,тАЭ said Martin Landray at the University of Oxford, one of the lead investigators on the trial. тАЬAfter dexamethasone (steroids), this is the most significant advance in the treatment of covid,тАЭ said Athimalaipet Ramanan at the University of Bristol in a statement.

Other coronavirus news

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued updated guidance saying people who have been тАЬfully vaccinatedтАЭ against covid-19 are no longer advised to quarantine if they are exposed to someone who tests positive for coronavirus. This applies to people who have had both doses of a covid-19 vaccine at least two weeks ago. However, the CDC said this does not mean that fully vaccinated individuals should stop taking precautions and added that people who had their shots three months ago or more should still quarantine if they are exposed, since it isnтАЩt known how long protection against covid-19 lasts.

US health officials are advising people in the country to consider wearing two masks on top of each other to better protect themselves against coronavirus infection. A CDC report suggested wearing a cloth mask over a disposable surgical mask or improving the fit of a single surgical mask as ways to boost protection.

It could take six to nine months to produce and deploy covid-19 vaccines that work against new variants of the coronavirus, according to AstraZeneca. The UK-Swedish company made this statement after its current vaccine was found to be less effective against the coronavirus variant first identified in South Africa.

The Guardian reported that more than 40 per cent of staff at the UKтАЩs largest care home provider have not received any doses of covid-19 vaccine.

Coronavirus deaths

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The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.35 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 107 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

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A woman is pictured sitting on a chair, holding a coronavirus test kit

A woman takes a coronavirus test at a temporary testing facility in London, UK

Hollie Adams/Getty Images

10 February

Chills, loss of appetite, headache and muscle ache linked to covid-19 in new study

New symptoms have been linked to covid-19 in certain age groups, including chills, loss of appetite, headache and muscle ache, in Imperial College LondonтАЩs REACT study. The four new symptoms were identified by researchers through random swab testing and questioning of more than a million people in England, conducted between June 2020 and January 2021. The researchers found an association between testing positive for the coronavirus and reporting any of these new symptoms or other symptoms previously linked to covid-19, such as a persistent cough, fever or a loss or change in sense of taste or smell.┬а

The more symptoms people had, the more likely they were to test positive, although there was some variation in symptoms across different age groups. Chills were linked with infection across all age groups, whereas headaches were reported mainly in children aged 5-17, appetite loss in adults over 18 and muscle aches in those aged 18-54. Infected 5-17 year olds were also less likely to report experiencing fever, persistent cough and appetite loss, in comparison with adults.

The REACT study also looked at whether reported symptoms changed before and after the B.1.1.7 variant became the dominant variant in the UK. It found that symptoms were largely similar, despite the increased prevalence of B.1.1.7. However, loss or change of sense of smell was less predictive of having covid-19 in January when B.1.1.7 accounted for about 86 per cent of infections, compared with November to December when it was 16 per cent. тАЬAs the epidemic progresses and new variants emerge, itтАЩs essential that we keep monitoring how the virus affects people so that testing programmes meet changing needs,тАЭ said Joshua Elliott, one of the researchers behind the study at Imperial College London, in a statement.

Other coronavirus news

People in the UK are going to have to тАЬget used to the idea of vaccinating and revaccinating in the autumn as we face these new variantsтАЭ, UK prime minister Boris Johnson told parliament on 10 February. Several vaccine manufacturers have confirmed that they are already working on new versions of their covid-19 vaccines to make sure they remain effective. The UK government recently announced a partnership with manufacturer CureVac to rapidly manufacture new vaccines in response to new coronavirus variants if needed. тАЬWe believe that they may help us to develop vaccines that can respond at scale to new variants of the virus,тАЭ said Johnson.

EnglandтАЩs deputy chief medical officer Jonathan Van-Tam said he doesnтАЩt think the B.1351 coronavirus variant first identified in South Africa тАЬis going to be a dominant issue in the next few monthsтАЭ. Speaking on BBC News, Van-Tam said 90 per cent of cases in the UK at the moment are caused by the B.1.1.7 variant, first detected in Kent.

South Africa is considering selling or exchanging its doses of the Oxford/AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine, according to the countryтАЩs health minister. Plans to start administering the jabs were put on hold this week after a small, preliminary study indicated it may not protect against mild or moderate covid-19 caused by the B.1.351 variant.

Coronavirus deaths

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The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.34 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 107 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

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Peter Ben Embarek, a member of the WHO-China joint study team, gestures with his hand as he answers a question during a press conference

Peter Ben Embarek answers questions at the WHO-China joint study press conference in Wuhan, China on 9 February

Xinhua News Agency/PA Images

9 February

WHO team in China is investigating theory that coronavirus was spread through frozen food

The World Health Organization (WHO) mission in Wuhan, China has ruled out the possibility that the coronavirus originated in a laboratory, but the team is investigating whether the virus came from frozen food, possibly from outside China. The investigation team leader Peter Ben Embarek said the virus seems to have originated in bats, as originally thought, but it was probably transmitted to humans via an unknown intermediate species, possibly a dead or frozen animal food product. Embarek said it is тАЬextremely unlikelyтАЭ that the virus escaped from a lab. The WHO mission arrived in China in January and spent four weeks researching the origin of the coronavirus with site visits to the Huanan seafood market, originally suspected as the source of the virus, as well as the laboratories at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, which was also being investigated as a potential source. It announced its initial findings at a press briefing in Wuhan on 9 February.┬а

Other coronavirus news

People arriving in England who are required to quarantine in hotels will be charged a fee of ┬г1750 to cover the cost of their stay, transport and coronavirus tests, UK health minister Matt Hancock announced. People who fail to quarantine face fines of up to ┬г10,000, while those who lie on their passenger locator forms about visiting any of 33 тАЬred listтАЭ countries face up to 10 years in jail. Hancock said similar measures are being looked at for the devolved nations. тАЬPeople who flout these rules are putting us all at risk,тАЭ he told parliament on Tuesday. He also confirmed that an enhanced testing regime for all arrivals would start on 15 February, from which point all arrivals will be required to get tested for the coronavirus on the second and eighth days of their 10-day quarantine period.

Extra covid-19 testing will begin in parts of Greater Manchester in the UK, following the discovery of four people infected with a mutated version of the B.1.1.7 variant, first identified in Kent. The four people, from two separate households in Greater Manchester, were found to be infected with a virus carrying the E484K mutation. The mutation is concerning, as there is evidence that some covid-19 vaccines may be less effective against the B.1.351 variant, also known as the тАЬSouth Africa variantтАЭ, which has the same mutation.┬а┬а

The NHS covid-19 app has told 1.7 million people in England and Wales to self-isolate since its launch in September. A preliminary analysis by researchers at the University of Oxford and the Alan Turing Institute indicates 594,000 coronavirus cases have been prevented by the app. The app has had about 21.7 million downloads, although internal data suggests about 16.5 million people are currently actively using its contact-tracing tool, according to the BBC.

Coronavirus deaths

New Scientist Default Image

Matthew Rowett

The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.32 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 106 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

Latest on coronavirus from New Scientist

South Africa variant: South Africa paused its rollout of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine as it might not be effective against the South African B.1.351 coronavirus variant тАУ but it is still likely to limit the severity of covid-19.

A person wearing a face mask leans out of a car window to get vaccinated

A person receives a covid-19 vaccine at a drive-through vaccination centre in St Albans, UK

REUTERS/Paul Childs

8 February

Researchers are investigating ways to modify covid-19 vaccines to tackle the South Africa variant and others that emerge

UK ministers say work is underway to tweak existing covid-19 vaccines to tackle new variants of the coronavirus including the B.1.351 coronavirus variant, commonly referred to as the тАЬSouth Africa variantтАЭ. On 6 February, a small, preliminary study was reported to show that the Oxford/AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine may not protect against mild or moderate covid-19 caused by B.1.351. At least 147 cases of this variant have now been detected in the UK. тАЬOur brilliant scientists and medical advisers are now working on the potential for new versions of existing vaccines to offer further protections against covid variants,тАЭ Nadhim Zahawi, minister for covid-19 vaccine deployment, wrote in the Telegraph. As a precaution, South Africa тАУ where the variant accounts for about 90 per cent of new coronavirus cases тАУ has put its rollout of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine on hold. However, the study, which has not yet been published or peer-reviewed, was relatively small and did not look at the impact of the vaccine on severe disease or death.

Sarah Gilbert at the University of Oxford, one of the lead vaccine researchers on the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, said a modified version that is effective against the South Africa variant could be ready to deploy in the autumn. тАЬWhat weтАЩre seeing from other vaccine developers is that they have a reduction in efficacy against some of the variant viruses,тАЭ Gilbert told the BBCтАЩs Andrew Marr Show on 7 February, adding that although vaccines may be less effective at reducing cases with new variants, they still appear to be protective against death, hospitalisation and severe disease. Other covid-19 vaccine producers are also working on new versions of their vaccines to make sure they remain effective. тАЬWeтАЩre very confident in all the vaccines that we are using, and I think itтАЩs important for people to bear in mind that all of them, we think, are effective in delivering a high degree of protection against serious illness and death, which is the most important thing,тАЭ said UK prime minister Boris Johnson, in an interview with Sky News on 8 February. тАЬWe will be continuing to study the results, the effectiveness, of the vaccine rollout.тАЭ

Other coronavirus news

All people living in the UK will be eligible to receive a covid-19 vaccine regardless of whether they have the legal right to work and live in the country, the UK government said on 8 February. тАЬCoronavirus vaccines will be offered to everyone living in the UK free of charge, regardless of immigration status,тАЭ a government spokesperson told Reuters. The government said getting the vaccine would not trigger immigration checks.

Ireland said it will crack down on travellers returning to the UK from the Middle East via Ireland to avoid recently introduced quarantine rules. The number of people travelling to Dublin from Dubai has risen since the UK added the United Arab Emirates to its travel ban list in January.

Coronavirus deaths

New Scientist Default Image

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The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.31 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 106 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

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Three people wearing face coverings sit on chairs in a waiting area

People wait to receive the Oxford/AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine at Copes pharmacy in Streatham, England

Dan Kitwood/Getty Images

5 February

Early results suggest the Oxford covid-19 vaccine works against B.1.1.7 virus variant

Preliminary results indicate that the covid-19 vaccine developed by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca is effective against the highly transmissible coronavirus variant B.1.1.7, which was first detected in the UK. Researchers at the University of Oxford analysed swabs from vaccine trial participants who had tested positive for the coronavirus between 1 October 2020 and 14 January 2021, to determine the variant of the virus with which they had been infected. They found similar efficacy rates of the vaccine against the B.1.1.7 variant (74.6 per cent effective) and the original virus (84 per cent effective). This is despite the fact that those infected with the B.1.1.7 variant produced fewer antibodies that could neutralise the virus. The results were released online as a pre-print and have not been peer-reviewed.

Vaccine researchers are investigating ways to modify existing covid-19 vaccines rapidly to ensure continued protection against other new variants as well. тАЬWe are working with AstraZeneca to optimise the pipeline required for a strain change should one become necessary,тАЭ said Sarah Gilbert at the University of Oxford in a statement. тАЬThis is the same issue that is faced by all of the vaccine developers, and we will continue to monitor the emergence of new variants that arise in readiness for a future strain change,тАЭ she said. тАЬAll viruses accumulate mutations over time, and for influenza vaccines there is a well-known process of global viral surveillance, and selection of strains for an annual update of the vaccines.тАЭ

Other coronavirus news

Coronavirus cases appear to be falling in most of the UK. The most recent results from a random swab testing survey by the Office for National Statistics indicate positive tests were falling in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland in the week up to 30 January. New infections across the UK as a whole are estimated to be falling by between 2 and 5 per cent each day, and the latest official estimate for the UKтАЩs R number тАУ the average number of people each coronavirus case infects тАУ puts it between 0.7 and 1.0. This is most likely to represent the situation two to three weeks ago, due to a time lag in the data. The UK government said it aims for all people aged 50 and above to have been offered a covid-19 vaccine by May, clarifying earlier comments by a spokesperson for UK prime minister Boris Johnson who on 4 February said the governmentтАЩs target was тАЬspringтАЭ.

Johnson & Johnson applied for an emergency use authorisation from the US Food and Drug Administration for its covid-19 vaccine. The company announced last week that the single-dose vaccine had an efficacy of about 66 per cent in phase III trials. If approved, it would become the third covid-19 vaccine authorised for emergency use in the US, after those developed by Pfizer and its partner BioNTech and by Moderna.

Israel announced it will ease lockdown restrictions from 7 am local time on 7 February but will keep its borders closed, after a slight reduction in coronavirus cases. Almost 80 per cent of people over 50 in Israel have received a covid-19 vaccine so far. The country is vaccinating its 9 million citizens at a higher rate than any other nation.

Coronavirus deaths

New Scientist Default Image

Matthew Rowett

The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.28 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 105 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

A person wearing personal protective equipment holds a vaccine vial and syringe between their fingers

A doctor prepares to administer the Pfizer/BioNTech covid-19 vaccine at a vaccination centre in Salisbury Cathedral in Salisbury, UK

NEIL HALL/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock

4 February

UK plans to test effect of giving one dose each of the Pfizer and Astrazeneca covid-19 vaccines

A UK trial is aiming to investigate the impact of giving people two different covid-19 vaccines for their first and second doses. Being able to use either vaccine will create more flexibility in the delivery of doses, and help deal with disruption in supplies, said EnglandтАЩs deputy chief medical officer Jonathan Van-Tam. He said combining two different vaccines in this way could also boost immune responses, potentially leading to better protection against covid-19. The trial, which is being led by researchers at the University of Oxford and funded by the UK governmentтАЩs vaccine taskforce, will recruit 820 volunteers over the age of 50 who havenтАЩt yet received a covid-19 vaccine. Participants will then receive a first dose of either the vaccine developed by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca or the vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech. Some of them will get the same vaccine again for their second dose four or 12 weeks later and others will get a second dose of the other vaccine, to test the effect of combining the two shots and of different time intervals between doses.┬а

UK vaccines minister Nadhim Zahawi said the country is on track to meet its target of vaccinating all people in the four priority groups against covid-19 by 15 February. He told parliament it has been тАЬan incredible effortтАЭ that has тАЬdrawn on the hard work of so manyтАЭ. Last month, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson said the UK government aims to have given a first dose of covid-19 vaccine to all those over 70, the most clinically vulnerable people and frontline health and social care workers by 15 February тАУ equivalent to about 15 million people. Across the UK, more than 10.4 million people had received a first dose of covid-19 vaccine as of 4 February.

Other coronavirus news

International travel was associated with increased death rates in the worst-affected countries during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic, according to a study published in the scientific journal BMJ Open. Tiberiu Pana at the University of Aberdeen, UK, and colleagues analysed the relationship between country-level factors тАУ such as international arrivals, population density and health indicators тАУ and the average increase in daily deaths recorded in early 2020 across the 37 countries with the highest death rates from covid-19. They found that the biggest increase in death rates was associated with international arrivals. An increase of a million international arrivals was associated with a 3.4 per cent rise in the average daily increase in covid-19 deaths.

A World Health Organization scientist has said society is unlikely to return to тАЬnormalтАЭ until 2022. тАЬI think we are going to be well into next year before we see a change тАУ that change is likely to be caused by high coverage of the vaccines,тАЭ said Helen Rees, who sits on the WHOтАЩs committee for covid-19. тАЬI think this new normal we all talk about is with us for a very long time,тАЭ Rees told BBC Wales Live.

Coronavirus deaths

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Matthew Rowett

The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.27 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 104 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

Latest on coronavirus from New Scientist

Tweaking vaccines: The coronavirus is evolving to evade the protection from vaccines and natural immunity тАУ what can we do to fight back?

Vaccine nationalism: The fastest way to end the covid-19 crisis is for countries to put the interests of the world ahead of their own, says Seth Berkley.

Royal Navy medics prepare syringes of the Oxford/AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine at a vaccination centre

Royal Navy medics prepare syringes of the Oxford/AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine at a vaccination centre in Bath, UK

ADRIAN DENNIS/AFP via Getty Images

3 February

Covid-19 vaccine against new variants could be deployed rapidly, says Oxford vaccine researcher

A version of the covid-19 vaccine developed by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca that can tackle the new, highly transmissible coronavirus variants could be ready to deploy in about 7 months in the UK, according to a researcher on the Oxford vaccine team. тАЬThe actual work on designing a new vaccine is very, very quick because itтАЩs essentially just switching out the genetic sequence for the spike protein,тАЭ Andrew Pollard at the University of Oxford told the BBC. тАЬAnd then thereтАЩs manufacturing to do and then a small scale study. So all of that can be completed in a very short period of time, and the autumn is really the timing for having new vaccines available for use,тАЭ he said. Pollard said work is already underway to update the vaccine and increase its efficacy against recently identified coronavirus mutations, such as those in the variants first sequenced in the UK and South Africa.

Preliminary results suggest that the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine may reduce coronavirus transmission, in addition to reducing symptomatic covid-19 and severe illness. UK health minister Matt Hancock praised the findings of the study led by researchers at the University of Oxford. The results indicate that two doses of the jab reduce coronavirus infection with or without symptoms by 67 per cent. They also suggest that a single dose of the vaccine is 76 per cent effective at preventing symptomatic covid-19 for three months, with this figure increasing to 82 per cent after two doses. Hancock described the results as тАЬabsolutely superbтАЭ and said they show that тАЬvaccines are the way out of this pandemicтАЭ.

Other coronavirus news

A mobile coronavirus testing unit has been set up in the town of Southport in England to test residents for the coronavirus and identify if they have the variant first identified in South Africa. Firefighters and council staff are also delivering 10,000 home testing kits to people living in the area.

Denmark announced plans to introduce a digital тАЬCorona-PassтАЭ, which would allow Danish citizens to prove they have been vaccinated against covid-19 for the purposes of business and leisure travel, according to the countryтАЩs finance ministry.

Israel will start expanding its covid-19 vaccination programme to everyone over the age of 16, according to its health ministry.

Coronavirus deaths

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Matthew Rowett

The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.25 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 104 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

Latest on coronavirus from New Scientist

Pandemic burnout: As the coronavirus crisis goes on, an increasing number of us are feeling worn out and unable to cope. HereтАЩs how you can tell if this is burnout, and what you can do to protect yourself.

Vaccine during pregnancy: With little safety data available on covid-19 vaccines during pregnancy, individuals who are pregnant must weigh up the risks and benefits for themselves, while evidence for those who are breastfeeding is more clear.

Passengers push luggage on trolleys through a terminal at London's Heathrow airport

Travellers arrive at LondonтАЩs Heathrow airport

Hollie Adams/Getty Images

2 February

UK science advisers recommended introduction of travel restrictions two weeks ago

The UKтАЩs Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) advised the government to introduce mandatory hotel quarantine for travellers arriving into the UK two weeks ago, according to minutes from a meeting on 21 January that were leaked to the Times. On Thursday 21 January, SAGE reportedly warned that тАЬreactive, geographically targetedтАЭ travel bans couldnтАЩt be relied on to prevent faster-spreading coronavirus variants, such as those identified in South Africa and Brazil, from reaching the UK, adding that: тАЬno intervention, other than a complete, pre-emptive closure of borders, or the mandatory quarantine of all visitors upon arrival in designated facilities, irrespective of testing history, can get close to fully preventing the importation of new cases or new variants.тАЭ┬а

A Downing Street spokesperson said SAGE did not directly advise UK prime minister Boris Johnson to close borders. Universities minister Michelle Donelan told Sky News that the government тАЬalways based our decisions on the best medical and scientific adviceтАЭ and said тАЬthe SAGE advice actually said it would probably be ineffective, in fact, to close the borders, which was the same advice that we got at the time from the World Health OrganizationтАЭ. Johnson announced geographically targeted hotel quarantine measures for travellers returning from 30 countries, including Brazil and South Africa, last week.

UK health minister Matt Hancock urged people living in postcodes in England singled out for enhanced coronavirus testing for the so-called South Africa variant to stay at home unless тАЬabsolutely essentialтАЭ. Urgent door-to-door testing for the faster-spreading variant has been deployed after 11 cases with no link to foreign travel were identified in parts of England.

Other coronavirus news

Interim results from phase III trials suggest RussiaтАЩs covid-19 vaccine is 91.6 per cent effective, and data on the vaccine is being submitted to the European Medicines Agency, according to Kirill Dmitriev, director of the Russian Direct Investment Fund. The results, based on a phase III trial including 21,977 adults, three-quarters of whom received the Sputnik V vaccine, are published in scientific journal the Lancet. Other participants received a placebo.┬а

Sweden announced it would not recommend the covid-19 vaccine developed by the University of Oxford in partnership with AstraZeneca for people aged over 65, hours after Poland said it would not offer the vaccine to over 60s. Last week, medical experts in Germany and Austria made similar recommendations, citing a lack of data in this age group. The European Medicines Agency authorised the vaccine for use in all adult age groups across the European Union and June Raine, chief executive of the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, last week said: тАЬCurrent evidence does not suggest any lack of protection against covid-19 in people aged 65 or over. The data we have shows that the vaccine produces a strong immune response in the over-65s.тАЭ

Coronavirus deaths

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Matthew Rowett

The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.24 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 103 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

Latest on coronavirus from New Scientist

Faster-spreading variants: The faster-spreading UK coronavirus variant has acquired a mutation that will help it evade immune protection тАУ the same mutation already found in the South African variant.

Article amended on 4 February 2021

We corrected June RaineтАЩs name.

A health worker talks with a man taking a swab test in a park

A health worker talks with a man taking a swab test in Goldsworth Park, as the South African variant of the novel coronavirus is reported in parts of Surrey, in Woking, UK, 1 February 2021

REUTERS/Hannah McKay

1 February

All adults in parts of England to be tested for South Africa variant after 11 new cases identified

Door-to-door testing for the so-called South Africa coronavirus variant will begin in parts of England this week, after 11 cases with no known links to travel or to previous cases were identified in eight areas of the country. Urgent testing of adults, regardless of symptoms, will take place in some postcodes in Hertfordshire, Surrey, Kent, Walsall, Sefton and in the London boroughs of Merton, Haringey and Ealing. тАЬWe are trying to contain this so it does not spread,тАЭ Susan Hopkins, senior medical adviser at Public Health England told the BBC. Any newly identified infections will be analysed to see if they are caused by the highly transmissible coronavirus variant first sequenced in South Africa.┬а

UK health minister Matt Hancock тАЬhas ordered an attempt at eradication of the new variant if at all possibleтАЭ, with public health officials starting to go door-to-door in affected areas this week, according to a briefing seen by the Guardian. тАЬThis is a precautionary measure,тАЭ said Ruth Hutchinson, director of public health for Surrey, in a statement. тАЬThe more cases of the variant we find, the better chance we have at stopping it from spreading further,тАЭ said Hutchinson, adding: тАЬItтАЩs really important to say that there is currently no evidence that this variant causes more severe illness, so you donтАЩt need to worry.тАЭ

Other coronavirus news

A covid-19 vaccine has now been offered to older residents at every eligible care home in England, the NHS announced, but vaccination rates of care home staff are lagging behind residents. Fiona Carragher, director of research and influencing at AlzheimerтАЩs Society told the BBC she remained concerned that the vaccination rollout for care home staff тАЬhas not been nearly so effectiveтАЭ. In January, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson said the UK government aims to vaccinate all those over 70, the most clinically vulnerable people and frontline health and social care workers by 15 February тАУ equivalent to about 15 million vaccinations. Across the UK, more than 8.9 million people had received a first dose of covid-19 vaccine as of 30 January.

The European Union said AstraZeneca has agreed to supply it with 9 million additional doses of its covid-19 vaccine, developed in partnership with the University of Oxford. This brings the total number of expected doses for the first quarter of this year to 40 million, which is about half of what the EU was originally expecting. European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen tweeted saying the company would expand its manufacturing capacity in Europe, and start delivering doses a week earlier than scheduled.

GermanyтАЩs health minister Jens Spahn hinted that covid-19 vaccines from China and Russia could be used in Europe to compensate for the shortfall of doses supplied by Pfizer and its partner BioNTech, and by Oxford/AstraZeneca. тАЬRegardless of the country in which a vaccine is manufactured, if they are safe and effective, they can help cope with the pandemic,тАЭ Spahn told German media on Sunday, adding that any vaccine will first need to be approved by the European Medicines Agency.

Coronavirus deaths

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Matthew Rowett

The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.23 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 103 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

Latest on coronavirus from New Scientist

Can vaccines stop transmission?: Several studies suggest that coronavirus vaccines can significantly reduce transmission of the virus, but not halt it completely тАУ so social distancing is still necessary.

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A lab technician working at Janssen Pharmaceutical in Beerse, Belgium

Virginia Mayo/AP/Shutterstock

29 January

Vaccines from Johnson & Johnson and Novavax report positive trial results

A coronavirus vaccine developed by the US firm Novavax has been shown to be 89 per cent effective in preventing covid-19 in clinical trials. The trials included participants in the UK and South Africa, and found the vaccine to be 86 per cent effective against the UK variant of the virus, but only 60 per cent effective against the variant in South Africa. Novavax said it will immediately begin development on a vaccine specifically targeted to the South African variant.

Janssen, a subsidiary of US firm Johnson & Johnson, announced that its covid-19 vaccine showed 66 per cent efficacy in an international trial. These results are based on a single dose of the vaccine, which makes it easier to administer than the two-shot vaccines that have already been approved. The company has said it will sell its vaccine on a not-for-profit basis.

The UK has already ordered 30 million doses of the Janssen vaccine and the European Union has ordered 400 million. The UK has also ordered 60 million doses of the Novavax jab.

Other coronavirus news

The European Medicines Agency has recommended the approval of the Oxford/AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine for all adults, which will allow mass use of the vaccine in the European Union. Yesterday, a German committee recommended against approving the vaccine for people over 65 because of insufficient data in the trials, but the EMAтАЩs experts said protection could be expected in this group and there is reliable information on safety. The vaccine is already the subject of a dispute between AstraZeneca and the EU over the firmтАЩs decision to supply fewer doses to the EU this year than initially agreed. Today, the European Commission published parts of its contract with AstraZeneca, which it says obliges the company to supply the agreed volumes. The drug-maker says the contract only obliges it to make its тАЬbest effortтАЭ to meet the EU demand, not to stick to a specific timetable. The EU also announced export restrictions on vaccines made within the bloc in response to the planned cut in deliveries.┬а

The coronavirus variant from South Africa тАУ which is more infectiousness┬а than the original variant тАУ has been detected in the US for the first time, with two cases confirmed in South Carolina.┬а

The New York state government has released new figures showing that it undercounted deaths from covid-19 in nursing home residents by more than 3800. The stateтАЩs overall death toll has not increased, but the higher tally in nursing homes has fuelled criticism that governor Andrew Cuomo did not do enough to protect those residents.

In the UK, covid-19 hospital admissions fell to 33.51 per 100,000 people from a rate of 35.64 in the week ending 24 January, figures from the Office for National Statistics show. One in 55 people in private households in England tested positive for covid-19 between 17 and 23 January, which is similar to the previous week. The infection rate was roughly one in 70 in Wales, one in 50 in Northern Ireland and one in 110 in Scotland. The R number for the UK is between 0.7 and 1.1, according to the latest estimate by the governmentтАЩs scientific advisory group. The R number is the number of people each person with covid-19 will go on to infect.

Latest on coronavirus from New Scientist

Global vaccine distribution: While mass immunisation programmes are making rapid progress in rich nations, many middle-income countries have only just begun roll-outs and most low-income ones will take months to get started. These delays increase the risk of mutations leading to variants that are more transmissible,and may render vaccines less effective in future.

Coronavirus deaths

The worldwide covid-19 death toll has passed 2.19 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 101 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

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